Which factors affect temperature in the atmosphere?

The correct answer highlights convection, advection, and the adiabatic process as key factors affecting temperature in the atmosphere.

Convection refers to the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, which occurs when warm air rises and cooler air sinks, creating circulation patterns that influence local and regional temperatures. The process of advection involves the horizontal transfer of heat by the movement of air masses. For example, when a warm air mass moves over a cooler surface, it can raise the temperature of that surface and vice versa.

The adiabatic process describes how the temperature of an air parcel changes as it rises or descends in the atmosphere without exchanging heat with its surroundings. As air rises, it expands due to lower pressure at higher altitudes, which causes it to cool; conversely, descending air compresses and heats up. This process plays a significant role in shaping temperature profiles in the atmosphere.

While other options mention important concepts related to temperature, they do not fully encompass the dynamic processes affecting temperature variation in an atmospheric context as comprehensively as convection, advection, and the adiabatic process.