What are the principal properties of the atmosphere that contribute to weather phenomena?

The principal properties of the atmosphere that contribute to weather phenomena are temperature, pressure, and humidity. Each of these properties plays a crucial role in the formation and behavior of weather systems.

Temperature affects air density and movement. Warm air rises, leading to the formation of low-pressure systems, while cooler air tends to sink, resulting in high-pressure systems. This creates the basic dynamics of wind and air movement that influence weather patterns.

Pressure is fundamental in understanding how air moves within the atmosphere. High-pressure areas typically bring clear skies and fair weather, while low-pressure systems are associated with unsettled weather, including clouds and precipitation. The differences in pressure drive wind, which can transport weather systems across regions.

Humidity is a measure of the amount of moisture in the air. It plays a critical role in cloud formation and precipitation. When air becomes saturated with moisture, clouds form, and if the conditions are right, rain or snow will occur. Additionally, humidity can significantly affect temperature perception and overall weather character.

The other choices, while related to meteorology, do not comprehensively cover the fundamental atmospheric properties that specifically contribute to weather phenomena in the same way that temperature, pressure, and humidity do.