In what scenario should a pilot be especially cautious related to ground effect?

In the context of ground effect, a pilot should be especially cautious after a heavy aircraft has landed due to the potential for wake turbulence. When a heavy aircraft touches down, it generates significant turbulence in the air around it as the wings disturb the air. This turbulence can linger near the ground and pose a hazard to any aircraft that may be attempting to land or take off nearby.

Ground effect occurs when an aircraft is flying close to the surface, reducing drag and improving aerodynamic performance. In the case of a heavy landing aircraft, this effect can influence nearby aircraft significantly during their landing or takeoff phases. New pilots, or those flying lighter aircraft, may not be as accustomed to the effects of this turbulence, leading to potential control difficulties.

By being especially cautious in this scenario, pilots can anticipate and mitigate the risks posed by the wake turbulence of the heavy aircraft, ensuring a safer operating environment.